Objective:
Provides troubleshooting steps for fixing common startup issues on macOS.

Steps:

  1. Boot in Safe Mode:

    • Shut down the Mac, restart while holding the Shift key until the Apple logo appears, and release. Safe Mode runs diagnostics and disables certain startup items.

  2. Reset SMC and PRAM/NVRAM (Intel Macs only):

    • For SMC, shut down the Mac, hold Shift + Control + Option + Power button for 10 seconds, then release.
    • For PRAM/NVRAM, restart and hold Command + Option + P + R for 20 seconds.

  3. Run Disk Utility First Aid:

    • Restart in Recovery Mode by holding Command + R at startup. Open Disk Utility and run First Aid on your startup disk to repair disk errors.

  4. Reinstall macOS (Last Resort):

    • If startup issues persist, boot into Recovery Mode (Command + R at startup), select Reinstall macOS, and follow the prompts. This process will reinstall macOS without erasing your data.